μˆ˜μ—…/2021-2

CH8. monopoly, oligopoly

μ±„λ―œ 2021. 10. 26.
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λ°˜μ‘ν˜•

market competition

μ‹œμž₯은 μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ²Œ κ²½μŸμ μ΄μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€: μ‹œμž₯μ‹€νŒ¨μ™€ μ •λΆ€κ°œμž…

μ‹œμž₯κ²½μŸμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 신경써야 ν•˜λŠ” 이유: 이윀 κ·ΉλŒ€ν™”, 졜적의 μž¬ν™” ν• λ‹Ή

 

monopoly power

  • 독점: single seller of good or service with no close substitute
  • single sellerλŠ” monopoly power κ°–κ³  생산 쑰절 κ°€λŠ₯
  • Concentration Ratios(μ‚°μ—… 집쀑도):  μ–΄λ–€ νŠΉμ • μ‚°μ—…μ—μ„œ μƒμœ„ 4개 λ˜λŠ” 8개 업체가 μ°¨μ§€ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œμž₯ 점유율.
  • 독점 νŒλ‹¨ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©. 70~80%λ©΄ monopoly power κ°–κ³ μžˆλ‹€. μ™„λ²½ν•œ 츑정방식은 μ•„λ‹˜.

 

Profit Maximization

  • κΈ°μ—…μ˜ 동기
  • Profit = Total Revenue – Total Cost
  • Decision rule: Marginal Revenue = Marginal Cost
  •  

Competitive Markets & Profit Maximization

  • Marginal revenue λŠ” μ‹œμž₯ 가격에 μ˜ν•΄ 정해지며 flat
  • Set output at intersection of MR and MC

in the competitive market, prices are determined when demand and supply curves meet. individual firm don't have control over prices. in the individual firm, mr is constant. and mr curve is same as demand curve in the individual firm. in the individual firm, the quantity small x is determined at the point where the mr meets the mc curve. the total quantity of industry is large X.

 

Profit Maximization for Monopolists

  • μ‹œμž₯가격에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  가격 μ„€μ • >> 가격 증가
  • Marginal revenueλŠ” flatν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€.
  • Output: MR = MC
  • 가격은 μ΅œλŒ€ μ†ŒλΉ„μžκ°€ 기꺼이 μ§€λΆˆν•  가격
  • κ°€κ²©νš¨κ³Ό : κ·Έ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ ν•œ λ‹¨μœ„λ₯Ό νŒ”κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 독점기업은 판맀될 λͺ¨λ“  μˆ˜λŸ‰μ˜ 가격을 μΈν•˜ν•˜μ—¬ μ΄μˆ˜μž…μ΄ κ°μ†Œ
  • MR 곑선은 κ°€κ²©νš¨κ³Όλ‘œ μΈν•˜μ—¬ MC κ³‘μ„ μ˜ 밑에 있음

 

in the monopoly market, the demad supply curve of an indicidual firm becomes the demand supply curve of the industry as a whole. if a monopoly wants to sell more, it must lower the price. price falls to all units sold, in this case, the mr curve of the individual firm becomes downard sloping so there is loss of welfare in the monopoly

 

 

customer surplus(μ†ŒλΉ„μžμž‰μ—¬) : μ†ŒλΉ„μžκ°€ μ–΄λ–€ μž¬ν™”λ₯Ό ꡬ맀, μ†ŒλΉ„ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ–»λŠ” 편읡

μ†ŒλΉ„μž μ§€λΆˆμš©μ˜ - μ‹€μ œ μ§€λΆˆκ°€κ²©

 

producer surplus(μƒμ‚°μžμž‰μ—¬): μƒμ‚°μžκ°€ μ–΄λ–€ μž¬ν™”λ₯Ό νŒ”λ•Œ μ–»λŠ” 편읡

νŒλ§€κ°€κ²© - λΉ„μš©

 

total surplus (μ΄μž‰μ—¬) = customer surplus(μ†ŒλΉ„μžμž‰μ—¬) + producer surplus

 

κ΅κ³Όμ„œ μΆ”κ°€λ‚΄μš©

antitrust law : λ…μ κΈˆμ§€λ²•

concentration ratio : ν•œ μ‚°μ—… λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ κ°€μž₯ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 8개 κΈ°μ—…μ˜ νŒλ§€λΉ„μœ¨

network economies: ν•œ μ œν’ˆμ„ μ†ŒλΉ„ν•˜λ €λŠ” μ†ŒλΉ„μžκ°€ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λ©΄ μ œν’ˆμ˜ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ 였λ₯΄λŠ” 상황

 

 

일반적 νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ μž₯기적 생산 평균 λΉ„μš©

<μ˜ˆμƒλ¬Έμ œ>

독점 μ œν’ˆ 가격 50,000$
μ†ŒλΉ„μž κ΅¬λ§€μ˜μ‚¬  ꡬ맀여뢀 Consumer surplus
A  100,000$ O 50,000
B 50,000$ O 0
C 30,000$ X 0(κ΅¬λ§€ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν• κ²½μš° CSμ—†λ‹€)
TOTAL     50,000

Q2. λ…μ μ œν’ˆμ˜ Production costκ°€ 15,000μΌλ•Œ total producer cost?

(50,000-15,000)*2 = 70,000

 

Q3. Social well being?

70,000+50,000 = 120,000

 

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